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Lifestyle risk factors for atherosclerosis in adults with type 1 diabetes

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA, franziska.bishop{at}ucdenver.edu

David M Maahs

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

Janet K Snell-Bergeon

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

Lorraine G Ogden

Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA

Greg L Kinney

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

Marian Rewers

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA

The objective of this study was to compare the amount of self-reported physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use in a large sample of adults with type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic subjects. A second aim is to test the hypothesis that these lifestyle risk factors are associated cross-sectionally with coronary artery calcification. In 2000—2002, the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study applied validated questionnaires for smoking, alcohol and physical activity to 582 type 1 diabetes subjects and 724 non-diabetic subjects. More type 1 diabetes subjects reported current smoking than non-diabetic subjects (12.3% versus 8.6%, p=0.027). Overall, reported physical activity did not differ by diabetes status (p=0.79). More type 1 diabetes subjects reported never having consumed alcohol (10% versus 4%, p<0.0001) and those who drank consumed less alcohol (p=0.0015) than non-diabetic subjects. Physical activity and smoking were significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification (adjusted OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.8—0.996, p=0.045, and OR=1.7, CI: 1.1—2.6, p=0.03, respectively). Type 1 diabetes was independently associated with increased odds of coronary artery calcification (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 2.5—5.0, p<0.0001). Differences exist in lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors in men and women with type 1 diabetes compared with non-diabetic subjects in the CACTI study.

Key Words: diabetes • cardiovascular disease • physical activity • smoking • alcohol

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, Vol. 6, No. 4, 269-275 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1479164109346359


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